丁香园AV

A Criminal Justice M.A. is an ideal fit for students who want to study justice and its processes and effects at an advanced level, and to be able to choose from different methodological approaches in doing so. Through completing coursework and a Thesis or Knowledge Synthesis Project (KSP), students will learn theoretical, applied, and policy-relevant skills which open up many opportunities for future employment and/or further graduate training at the doctoral level.

Although there are a lot of differences between university program offerings, typically, Criminal Justice focuses on the operation of the system, such as policing, courts, corrections, and less on crime and criminality, which is usually what Criminology studies. Criminal Justice research usually involves examining public policy, legal procedure, and the administration of justice institutions and how these are known via media and culture and discourses of criminal justice in politics. 

Criminal Justice generally is an applied area of study that is interdisciplinary – meaning faculty and graduate students are from many academic areas including law/legal studies, geography, psychology, sociology, criminology, and history. Criminal Justice researchers consider the role of the criminal justice system in preventing and investigating crime (policing), determining criminal responsibility (criminal law) and dealing with those convicted of criminal offences in institutional and community settings (corrections and penology). 

Criminology programs tend to adopt a Sociological perspective and focus on criminality as it relates to the social. Criminology tends to be more theoretically focused on social causes of crime and why offenders commit crime. However, some Criminology programs may look fairly similar to Criminal Justice programs depending on which programs and universities are being compared.

Similar to the section on the differences between a Criminal Justice (CJ) versus Criminology M.A., although there are a lot of differences between university program offerings, Criminal Justice typically focuses on the operation of the system, such as policing, courts, corrections, and less on crime and criminality. This usually involves examining public policy, legal procedure, and the administration of justice institutions and how these are known via media and culture as well as politics. CJ is generally an applied area of study that is interdisciplinary – meaning faculty and graduate students are from many academic areas including law/legal studies, geography, psychology, sociology, criminology, and history.

Disciplines such as Psychology, Sociology, Politics, or History have stronger disciplinary boundaries and are less focused on a particular set of agencies the way Criminal Justice is. One way to think of it is that scholars in many other disciplines use similar methodological approaches to study many different topics that do not necessarily have common grounding. Criminal Justice scholars use different methodological toolboxes in their approach to studying a common substantive topic.

For example, Psychology studies the human mind and behaviour. These programs span many areas of study (e.g., social, cognitive, developmental, clinical, neuroscience, etc.). Criminal Justice studies use psychological principles, pairing them with an area of criminal justice such as the role of jury selection. Criminal Justice will pair knowledge of the system with psychology.

As another example, Sociology studies social systems, social change, population, and demography, and theorizes about social behaviour guided by major theoretical paradigms such as interactionism, social conflict, functionalist, and feminist theory. The discipline of criminal justice uses similar paradigms to study things like why we have prisons, or why police are well-funded compared to social services, or how courts are gendered.

Similar to the preceding two sections, it often depends on the specific program you are looking at. More importantly, it depends on the research that faculty in a specific program are doing since many programs, including our own, are unlikely to accept a student if there are no faculty members with the expertise and willingness to supervise them.

It is important for students to apply to programs where faculty are doing research in their desired area of study because Master’s-level work is akin to an apprenticeship. That is, you will be learning from your supervisor’s expertise and depth of knowledge in a particular area, so it is important that your research interests align.

The following offers some broad generalizations about the distinctions between the two areas.

A graduate degree in Criminal Justice offers opportunities to do applied, policy-relevant research within and about the key areas of the criminal justice system. While theoretical research is also done in a Criminal Justice graduate degree, theory is interdisciplinary and draws from a variety of fields including socio-legal studies, law, psychology, geography, cultural studies, history and more.

Graduate programs in Criminology (especially those offered within sociology departments) focus more narrowly on sociological theory about the societal causes of crime and offer fewer opportunities for research within real-world criminal justice contexts. 

The faculty in Criminal Justice come from a variety of educational backgrounds, including Criminology, Sociology, Psychology, Education, and History. Our faculty research many different topics and use a variety of research methodologies.

You can find profiles and contact information for our faculty and Departmental Assistant on our Faculty and Staff web page.

To date, our students have come from a variety of educational backgrounds, including Criminal Justice, Psychology, and Sociology, but we welcome applicants from other social science disciplines with Criminal Justice-related experiences and/or research interests!

You can see our profiles of our current students here: Graduate Students web page.

Yes! You can find a pre-recorded information session on the ‘Information for Future Students’ section of this website that will get updated each Fall.

We will also have at least one in-person information session on the University of 丁香园AV campus in either September or October.

Applications for a given September start date open November 1 of the previous year and close February 1. We do not have January or April intakes and we generally do not consider late admissions. Students would need the program’s permission to have a late application considered.

You apply online through the Faculty of Graduate Studies. You can find more information here: Graduate Studies Future Students web page.

We accept 7 or 8 students per year. It is a competitive process and only the top candidates are chosen.

We prefer that students hold a recognized Honours degree in a social science field, though students with a four-year social science degree and a strong background in theory and methods will also be considered.

You may be thinking: “What should I do if I don’t have an Honours degree?” For example, maybe your undergraduate program does not have an Honours stream, or life circumstances prevented you from being able to do an Honours degree. In this case, some things you can do to make your application more competitive and gain appropriate background preparation are to: have an excellent GPA; take classes which have a major paper or other writing component; gain research experience (e.g., as a research assistant); take research methodology and/or data analysis classes; and/or take courses at the fourth-year level, especially if they are seminar-style classes.

Per Graduate Studies policies, all applicants must have a minimum GPA of 3.0 or higher to be eligible for consideration for our program. But keep in mind that as this is a competitive application process, simply meeting the minimum requirements is not enough to gain acceptance.

International applicants can consult Minimum Academic Requirement: International Credentials [PDF] for the minimum GPA requirements based on their home country.

You will be a competitive candidate if your educational background is an Honours degree in the social sciences (e.g., criminal justice, criminology, psychology, sociology, political science, conflict resolution, etc.).

You may be thinking: “What should I do if I don’t have an Honours degree?” For example, maybe your undergraduate program does not have an Honours stream, or life circumstances prevented you from being able to do an Honours degree. In this case, some things you can do to make your application more competitive and gain appropriate background preparation are to: have an excellent GPA; take classes where there is a major paper or other writing component; gain research experience (e.g., as a research assistant); take research methodology and/or data analysis classes; and/or take fourth-year level courses, especially if they are seminar-style classes.

If you do not have a social science background, it is your responsibility as a prospective student to demonstrate why you would be a good fit for our program and that you would be able to succeed in a social science M.A. program. For example, students from other educational backgrounds who have direct experience working or doing research within a criminal justice context may be considered.

Whether you are in the thesis or KSP stream, there are no specific research interests you need to have, however, one of the things we consider in assessing applications is whether any of our faculty have expertise in your desired research area. If not, you are unlikely to be a successful applicant.

Applicants are strongly urged to familiarize themselves with the research specialties of the faculty in the Criminal Justice department before applying to ensure your proposed research topic aligns with the research specialties of at least one faculty member.

It is a very good idea to contact the faculty member you are interested in working with to see if they are accepting students in a particular year, and if they would be interested in working with you.

You can find faculty profiles and contact information on our Faculty and Staff web page. 

If you are contacting a faculty member about potential thesis supervision, you should provide information about your relevant educational and work background, which area(s) of their research you are interested in, and how your own research interests and ideas align with the faculty member’s research.

Keep in mind that if a faculty member says they would be interested or willing to work with you, it does not mean that you are guaranteed to get into our program. It only means they would be willing to supervise you if you are accepted to the program. Your application still has to be vetted by the selection committee. We have a limited number of spots available, so the application process is competitive.

No. If a faculty member says they are willing to be your supervisor, it is not a guarantee of acceptance. It means that they would be willing to be your supervisor if you are accepted into the program. All applications must still be reviewed by our Departmental Graduate Program Committee. This Committee will make final decisions about which applicants are accepted to our program as we have a limited number of spots available. 

As noted in the application requirements, students need to provide the names and email addresses of two people who can provide references for them.

We often get asked by students if it is okay to have their boss or supervisor at work be a referee. Your application will not be considered without evaluation from two referees, so if your employer is the only reference you can get, it is better than not having them at all. However, even though they can comment on things like your work ethic, employers typically do not make strong referees as they often cannot comment on many of the things we are interested in knowing about students (e.g., research potential, understanding of course material).

Strong referees will be those who can speak to your potential to succeed in a graduate program. For this reason, current or former professors will make the best referees, especially if you have taken classes with them at a higher level (e.g., seminar classes) or worked more closely with them in some capacity (e.g., they supervised your Honours thesis; you worked as a T.A. or R.A. for them).

Your referees’ email addresses should be their university or work emails as this provides the best certainty regarding their identity.

The short version is that we try to let students know whether they’ve been accepted as soon as possible, but notification times can vary from year to year depending on a number of factors. We aim to let students know if they have been accepted by May 15, though it may be earlier or later than this.

No, our only intake is in September. We do not have January or April intakes.

No, we are unable to waive application fees.

Yes. We respect professional experience, but you still need to have an appropriate educational background and meet the minimum education requirements to be considered.

The most up-to-date tuition costs for both domestic and international students can be found on the Fees page on the Graduate Studies website.

Minnesota applicants: Note that due to a reciprocity agreement between Manitoba and Minnesota, students from Minnesota pay the same tuition as Canadian students, see Manitoba-Minnesota Tuition Reciprocity Agreement.

Full-Time Students:

Departmental Funding Support

The amount of funding we are able to offer varies from year to year, though it is typically between $6,000 - $10,000 in the first year of study for full-time domestic and international students.

We are unable to guarantee funding in the second year but do provide some funding to second-year students when it is available. If we can provide some funding, we let students know as soon as possible. We also work closely with our students on their applications for major scholarships and awards, and, as noted below, our students are very successful in winning these awards.

Funding offers may be comprised of a variety of sources and may include funds from one or more of the following: internal and/or other scholarship funds, Research Assistant positions, and/or bursaries.

 If you are accepted to the program, your acceptance letter will detail your funding offer.

Students are also eligible to apply for additional teaching and research assistant positions when at the University of 丁香园AV.

Scholarships

Students are also strongly encouraged to apply for all scholarships for which they are eligible. Domestic students are eligible to apply for tri-council scholarships (e.g., SSHRC) that are worth $27,000. Application deadline is December 1.

Domestic and international students are eligible to apply for major University of 丁香园AV scholarships that are worth between $15,000 - $17,500. Application deadlines are March 15.

Please note that most of the application deadlines for scholarships and awards will occur before you have heard back regarding acceptance to the program, so you need to be planning carefully to meet all deadlines, see Graduate Studies Funding for more information.

Our students have been very successful in winning major scholarships and awards in their second years of study. In fact, approximately 80% of our second-year students to date have won a major award. Several students have also won major awards in both their years of study.

International students may also wish to look here for other information on financial supports: International Student Awards and Financial Aid

Part-Time Students:

Partial Funding

Unfortunately, we are typically unable to guarantee any funding support to part-time students, but we provide partial funding when we are able to do so. If we are able to provide partial funding, we let students know as soon as possible.

Note that due to a reciprocity agreement between Manitoba and Minnesota, students from Minnesota pay the same tuition as Canadian students, see Manitoba-Minnesota Tuition Reciprocity Agreement for more information. 

See the information on the International Student Resources page on Faculty of Graduate Studies website.

If an applicant’s first language is not English, the English Requirement is a minimum TOEFL iBT score of 100, with a score of at least 22 on the writing and speaking components, an IELTS score of 7.5, or a Duolingo English test score of 125. The test must have been taken within two years of the date of application.

No. There are no exceptions to the English requirements.

If you have family or friends already in 丁香园AV with whom you can live, this is a great option.

If you do not know of anyone in 丁香园AV you can live with, you may wish to consider university student housing for when you first arrive, as it has many advantages for students new to 丁香园AV that may make for an easier transition, e.g., it has furnished rooms and is close to campus! You can find more information on university's Campus Living website.

You can find additional information about housing for international students on the Graduate Studies Housing webpage.

You may also wish to contact International Student Services as they may have additional resources they can provide.

You can find more information on the Graduate Studies International Students web page.